1. INTRODUCTION TO CLIENT SERVER COMPUTING
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Client-server is a computing architecture which separates a client from a server, and is almost always implemented over a computer network. Each client or server connected to a network can also be referred to as a node. The most basic type of client-server architecture employs only two types of nodes: clients and servers. This type of architecture is sometimes referred to as two-tier. It allows devices to share files and resources.
In the Client –Server model, communication generally takes the form of a request message from the client to the server asking for some work to be done. The server then does the work and sends back the reply.
These days, clients are most often web browsers, although that has not always been the case. Servers typically include web servers, database servers , mail servers etc.
1.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF CLIENT SERVER MODEL
1.1.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF CLIENT
· Request sender is known as client
· Initiates requests
· Waits for and receives replies.
· Usually connects to a small number of servers at one time
· Typically interacts directly with end-users using a graphical user interface
1.1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF SERVER
· Receiver of request which is send by client is known as a server
· Waits for requests from clients
· Upon receipt of requests, processes them and then serves replies
· Usually accepts connections from a large number of clients
· Typically does not interact directly with end-users
These days, clients are most often web browsers, although that has not always been the case. Servers typically include web servers, database servers , mail servers etc.
1.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF CLIENT SERVER MODEL
1.1.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF CLIENT
· Request sender is known as client
· Initiates requests
· Waits for and receives replies.
· Usually connects to a small number of servers at one time
· Typically interacts directly with end-users using a graphical user interface
1.1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF SERVER
· Receiver of request which is send by client is known as a server
· Waits for requests from clients
· Upon receipt of requests, processes them and then serves replies
· Usually accepts connections from a large number of clients
· Typically does not interact directly with end-users
2. CLIENT COMPUTING
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A client is an application or system that accesses a (remote) service on another computer system known as a server by way of a network. The term was first applied to devices that were not capable of running their own stand-alone programs, but could interact with remote computers via a network.
The client-server model is still used today on the Internet, where a user may connect to a service operating on a remote system through the internet protocol suite. Web browsers are clients that connect to web servers and retrieve web pages for display. Most people use e-mail clients to retrieve their e-mail from their internet service provider's mail storage servers.
A client is an application or system that accesses a (remote) service on another computer system known as a server by way of a network. The term was first applied to devices that were not capable of running their own stand-alone programs, but could interact with remote computers via a network.
The client-server model is still used today on the Internet, where a user may connect to a service operating on a remote system through the internet protocol suite. Web browsers are clients that connect to web servers and retrieve web pages for display. Most people use e-mail clients to retrieve their e-mail from their internet service provider's mail storage servers.
2.1 TYPES OF CLIENTS
Clients are generally classified into three
2.1.1 Fat Client
2.1.2 Hybrid Client
2.1.3 Thin Client
2.1.1 FAT CLIENT
A Fat client also known as a Thick client or Rich client is a client that performs the bulk of any data processing operations itself, and does not necessarily rely on the server. The fat client is most common in the form of a personal computer, as the personal computers or laptops can operate independently.
2.1.2 HYBRID CLIENT
A hybrid client is a combination of Fat and Thin client models. Similar to a fat client, it processes locally, but relies on the server for storage data. This approach offers features from both the fat
thin client (multimedia support, high performance) and the thin client (high manageability, flexibility).
2.1.3 THIN CLIENT
A Thin client is a minimal sort of client. Thin clients use the resources of the host computer. A thin client's job is generally just to graphically display pictures provided by an application server, which performs the bulk of any required data processing.
2.2 ADVANTAGES OF THICK CLIENTS
2.2.1 FEWER SERVER REQUIREMENTS
A thick Client Server does not require a high level performance. This may result in cheaper servers which are actually equivalent to file servers in specifications but with additional memory. Most practically for a low level computer network an ordinary Personal Computer can be used as a Server. The other types of clients need high performance Servers.
2.2.2 BETTER MULTIMEDIA PERFORMANCES
Thick clients have advantages in multimedia-rich applications that would be bandwidth intensive if fully served. For example, thick clients are well suited for video gaming.
2.2.3 MORE FLEXIBILITY
Clients are generally classified into three
2.1.1 Fat Client
2.1.2 Hybrid Client
2.1.3 Thin Client
2.1.1 FAT CLIENT
A Fat client also known as a Thick client or Rich client is a client that performs the bulk of any data processing operations itself, and does not necessarily rely on the server. The fat client is most common in the form of a personal computer, as the personal computers or laptops can operate independently.
2.1.2 HYBRID CLIENT
A hybrid client is a combination of Fat and Thin client models. Similar to a fat client, it processes locally, but relies on the server for storage data. This approach offers features from both the fat
thin client (multimedia support, high performance) and the thin client (high manageability, flexibility).
2.1.3 THIN CLIENT
A Thin client is a minimal sort of client. Thin clients use the resources of the host computer. A thin client's job is generally just to graphically display pictures provided by an application server, which performs the bulk of any required data processing.
2.2 ADVANTAGES OF THICK CLIENTS
2.2.1 FEWER SERVER REQUIREMENTS
A thick Client Server does not require a high level performance. This may result in cheaper servers which are actually equivalent to file servers in specifications but with additional memory. Most practically for a low level computer network an ordinary Personal Computer can be used as a Server. The other types of clients need high performance Servers.
2.2.2 BETTER MULTIMEDIA PERFORMANCES
Thick clients have advantages in multimedia-rich applications that would be bandwidth intensive if fully served. For example, thick clients are well suited for video gaming.
2.2.3 MORE FLEXIBILITY
On some operating systems such as Microsoft Windows software products are designed for personal computers that have their own local resources.
2.2.4 OFFLINE WORKING
Thick clients have advantages in that a constant connection to the central server is often not required.
2.2.5 SUITABLE FOR POOR NETWORK CONNECTION
Thick Clients are suitable for poor network connections. High performance Servers , Work Stations and Switching elements are not required.
2.3 DISADVANTAGES OF THICK CLIENTS
2.3.1 DIFFICULT TO DEPLOY
In an Industry employing large number of computers in a network Installation, Upgradation, Bug Fixing of application software in each and every clients is a difficult task. It consumes more human power, time, costlier and apart from all these it will cause trouble to the total functioning of that industry.
2.3.2 SERVER CLIENT COMPACTABILITY ISSUES
Versioning is an often overlooked thick client issue. Since users rarely change over to new client software applications all at once, and some stay with the old client forever, the server side must recognize and forever accept requests from old or obsolete client software. This dramatically increases the complexity in both design and test of future server architectures, since they must account for these past client formats.
2.3.3 COSTLIER
Thick Clients are costlier than other types of clients. This increase in cost is because , it employs high performance processor, local storage medium, multimedia supporting accessories etc.
2.3.4 POWER CONSUMPTION
Thick Clients consumes more power.
2.3.5 LESS SECURE
Since Thick Clients have local storage medium and drives there is a chance for virus attack from external mediums.
3. THIN CLIENTS – AN INTRODUCTION
2.2.4 OFFLINE WORKING
Thick clients have advantages in that a constant connection to the central server is often not required.
2.2.5 SUITABLE FOR POOR NETWORK CONNECTION
Thick Clients are suitable for poor network connections. High performance Servers , Work Stations and Switching elements are not required.
2.3 DISADVANTAGES OF THICK CLIENTS
2.3.1 DIFFICULT TO DEPLOY
In an Industry employing large number of computers in a network Installation, Upgradation, Bug Fixing of application software in each and every clients is a difficult task. It consumes more human power, time, costlier and apart from all these it will cause trouble to the total functioning of that industry.
2.3.2 SERVER CLIENT COMPACTABILITY ISSUES
Versioning is an often overlooked thick client issue. Since users rarely change over to new client software applications all at once, and some stay with the old client forever, the server side must recognize and forever accept requests from old or obsolete client software. This dramatically increases the complexity in both design and test of future server architectures, since they must account for these past client formats.
2.3.3 COSTLIER
Thick Clients are costlier than other types of clients. This increase in cost is because , it employs high performance processor, local storage medium, multimedia supporting accessories etc.
2.3.4 POWER CONSUMPTION
Thick Clients consumes more power.
2.3.5 LESS SECURE
Since Thick Clients have local storage medium and drives there is a chance for virus attack from external mediums.
3. THIN CLIENTS – AN INTRODUCTION
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In designing a client-server application, there is a decision to be made as to which parts of the task should be done on the client, and which on the server. This decision can crucially affect the cost of clients and servers, the robustness and security of the application as a whole, and the flexibility of the design for later modification or porting.
A thin client or a lean client is a network computer without a hard disk drive, which, in client/ server applications, is designed to be especially small so that the bulk of the data processing occurs on the server. Usually, the embedded OS in a thin client is stored in a "flash drive" or in a Disk on Module (DOM). The embedded OS in a thin client usually uses some kind of write filter so that the OS and its configuration can only be changed by administrators.
3.1 THIN CLIENT COMPUTING
Thin Client Computing (TCC) is a technology that involves executing an application on a centrally managed server while displaying the application on a client system. Two of the most common TCC technologies are:
• Microsoft’s Remote Display Protocol (RDP) which is used by Microsoft Windows Terminal Services (WTS) products and other vendors products based on WTS.
• Citrix’s Independent Computing Architecture (ICA) which is utilized by Citrix’s Presentation Server product (formerly known as MetaFrame)
Other TCC technologies include Unix’s X-Windows system and Virtual Network Computing (VNC) products. By employing the utility, Windows terminal Services all the graphical interface of the server machine and selected programs are available to the client machine by a Technique called Remote Display Protocol. This RDP is most widely used for Thin Client Computing now days.
4. ADVANTAGES OF THIN CLIENTS
In designing a client-server application, there is a decision to be made as to which parts of the task should be done on the client, and which on the server. This decision can crucially affect the cost of clients and servers, the robustness and security of the application as a whole, and the flexibility of the design for later modification or porting.
A thin client or a lean client is a network computer without a hard disk drive, which, in client/ server applications, is designed to be especially small so that the bulk of the data processing occurs on the server. Usually, the embedded OS in a thin client is stored in a "flash drive" or in a Disk on Module (DOM). The embedded OS in a thin client usually uses some kind of write filter so that the OS and its configuration can only be changed by administrators.
3.1 THIN CLIENT COMPUTING
Thin Client Computing (TCC) is a technology that involves executing an application on a centrally managed server while displaying the application on a client system. Two of the most common TCC technologies are:
• Microsoft’s Remote Display Protocol (RDP) which is used by Microsoft Windows Terminal Services (WTS) products and other vendors products based on WTS.
• Citrix’s Independent Computing Architecture (ICA) which is utilized by Citrix’s Presentation Server product (formerly known as MetaFrame)
Other TCC technologies include Unix’s X-Windows system and Virtual Network Computing (VNC) products. By employing the utility, Windows terminal Services all the graphical interface of the server machine and selected programs are available to the client machine by a Technique called Remote Display Protocol. This RDP is most widely used for Thin Client Computing now days.
4. ADVANTAGES OF THIN CLIENTS
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4.1 CHEAPER HARDWARE
Thin client hardware is generally cheaper because it does not contain a disk, application memory, or a powerful processor.
4.2 LOWER ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Dedicated thin client hardware has much lower energy consumption than thick client PCs. This not only reduces energy costs but may mean that in some cases air-conditioning systems are not required or need not be upgraded which can be a significant cost saving and contribute to achieving energy saving targets.
4.3 EASIER HARDWARE FAILURE MANAGEMENT
If a thin client fails, a replacement can simply be swapped in while the client is repaired; the user is not inconvenienced because their data is not on the client.
4.4 FREEDOM FROM VIRUS
With no HDD, FDD or CD Rom drive: viruses introduced by infected devices eliminated. Since files are downloaded at the server risk of virus reduced considerably.
4.5 HIGH SECURITY
All data resides on server, user unable to steal data on FDD or CDR. Thin clients can be designed so that no application data ever resides on the client (it is entirely rendered), centralizing malware protection and minimizing the risks of physical data theft.
4.6 HIGH RELIABILITY
There are no moving parts hence less chances of failure. No HDD or OS Crashes which also reduces serious problems.
4.7 EASY TO MANAGE
Upgradation and installation of any application software is done on the server itself and it will be available to the clients. Hence easy to manage. Data backup is also made simpler.
4.1 CHEAPER HARDWARE
Thin client hardware is generally cheaper because it does not contain a disk, application memory, or a powerful processor.
4.2 LOWER ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Dedicated thin client hardware has much lower energy consumption than thick client PCs. This not only reduces energy costs but may mean that in some cases air-conditioning systems are not required or need not be upgraded which can be a significant cost saving and contribute to achieving energy saving targets.
4.3 EASIER HARDWARE FAILURE MANAGEMENT
If a thin client fails, a replacement can simply be swapped in while the client is repaired; the user is not inconvenienced because their data is not on the client.
4.4 FREEDOM FROM VIRUS
With no HDD, FDD or CD Rom drive: viruses introduced by infected devices eliminated. Since files are downloaded at the server risk of virus reduced considerably.
4.5 HIGH SECURITY
All data resides on server, user unable to steal data on FDD or CDR. Thin clients can be designed so that no application data ever resides on the client (it is entirely rendered), centralizing malware protection and minimizing the risks of physical data theft.
4.6 HIGH RELIABILITY
There are no moving parts hence less chances of failure. No HDD or OS Crashes which also reduces serious problems.
4.7 EASY TO MANAGE
Upgradation and installation of any application software is done on the server itself and it will be available to the clients. Hence easy to manage. Data backup is also made simpler.
4.8 EASE OF MOBILITY
As there are no moving parts and due to small size ,Thin Client Systems can be easily carried from one place to another.
4.9 VERY SMALL FOOTPRINT
Thin Clients are small in size, so it occupies very less space. Apart from this these systems can be placed horizontally.
4.10 LESS WASTED HARDWARE
Computer hardware is very environmentally damaging. Thin Clients can remain in service longer and ultimately produce less surplus computer hardware than an equivalent thick client installation.
5. THIN CLIENT HARDWARE OVERVIEW
As there are no moving parts and due to small size ,Thin Client Systems can be easily carried from one place to another.
4.9 VERY SMALL FOOTPRINT
Thin Clients are small in size, so it occupies very less space. Apart from this these systems can be placed horizontally.
4.10 LESS WASTED HARDWARE
Computer hardware is very environmentally damaging. Thin Clients can remain in service longer and ultimately produce less surplus computer hardware than an equivalent thick client installation.
5. THIN CLIENT HARDWARE OVERVIEW
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As like any ordinary systems major parts of a Thin Client PC are
· PROCESSOR
· MEMORY
· CHIPSETS
· SMPS
· IDE , PCI INTERFACE & OTHER CONNECTORS
The main component of any motherboard is the main processor chip which controls the inner functions of the systems. The Processor or the CPU functions as the brain of the Thin client. Initial Thin client system had onboard processors, but in modern Thin clients processor is usually inserted into a socket. Major processors used in Thin Client systems are Transmeta Crusoe , Efficeon, AMD Geode, VIA Eden etc.
Thin Client systems have a Random Access Memory which is used by the processor to keep program, data, and intermediate results during the program executions.
The Chipset is a collection of several intelligent controller and programmable chips. Use of chipsets simplifies motherboard design. As like an ordinary PC, in Thin client the structure of modern chipset is based on a North and a South Bridge. The North bridge links the CPU to very high-speed devices, especially main memory and graphics controllers. The South bridge connects to lower-speed peripheral buses.
SMPS provides the power for the proper working of the system. Thin Clients have onboard SMPS.
Thin Clients have an IDE interface to connect a Flash Drive or an optional Hard Disk. There is a PCI slot. Like other PCs, Thin Clients also have Serial Port, Parallel port, PS/2 ports, USB Port , RJ 45 port etc.
6. TYPES OF THIN CLIENTS
As like any ordinary systems major parts of a Thin Client PC are
· PROCESSOR
· MEMORY
· CHIPSETS
· SMPS
· IDE , PCI INTERFACE & OTHER CONNECTORS
The main component of any motherboard is the main processor chip which controls the inner functions of the systems. The Processor or the CPU functions as the brain of the Thin client. Initial Thin client system had onboard processors, but in modern Thin clients processor is usually inserted into a socket. Major processors used in Thin Client systems are Transmeta Crusoe , Efficeon, AMD Geode, VIA Eden etc.
Thin Client systems have a Random Access Memory which is used by the processor to keep program, data, and intermediate results during the program executions.
The Chipset is a collection of several intelligent controller and programmable chips. Use of chipsets simplifies motherboard design. As like an ordinary PC, in Thin client the structure of modern chipset is based on a North and a South Bridge. The North bridge links the CPU to very high-speed devices, especially main memory and graphics controllers. The South bridge connects to lower-speed peripheral buses.
SMPS provides the power for the proper working of the system. Thin Clients have onboard SMPS.
Thin Clients have an IDE interface to connect a Flash Drive or an optional Hard Disk. There is a PCI slot. Like other PCs, Thin Clients also have Serial Port, Parallel port, PS/2 ports, USB Port , RJ 45 port etc.
6. TYPES OF THIN CLIENTS
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Thin clients fall into 5 general categories:
· Basic Thin Clients
· Robust Thin Clients
· Flexible Thin Clients
· Mobile Thin Clients
· Legacy Thin Clients
Of this 5, the first 3 types of Thin Clients are most widely used
6.1 BASIC THIN CLIENTS
This is the simplest client to use with server based computing. It features low price and good performance. Able to run multi-user Windows on a centrally managed server using either the Citrix ICA or the Microsoft RDP protocol to remotely display on a user's desktop what is running on the server.
6.2 ROBUST THIN CLIENTS
Robust Thin Clients employs a built in web browser, so that users can run web applications without placing an extra burden on the servers. It is of low price and good functionality. Windows® CE or Windows CE .NET are the OS used.
6.3. FLEXIBLE THIN CLIENTS
Flexible Thin Clients allows internet web browsing plus the ability to run applications locally. Because Flexible thin clients are based on operating systems like Microsoft Windows NT Embedded, XP Embedded and Linux, they can run applications locally, right on the client, instead of on the server. Only selected programs can only be executed at the client.
Thin clients fall into 5 general categories:
· Basic Thin Clients
· Robust Thin Clients
· Flexible Thin Clients
· Mobile Thin Clients
· Legacy Thin Clients
Of this 5, the first 3 types of Thin Clients are most widely used
6.1 BASIC THIN CLIENTS
This is the simplest client to use with server based computing. It features low price and good performance. Able to run multi-user Windows on a centrally managed server using either the Citrix ICA or the Microsoft RDP protocol to remotely display on a user's desktop what is running on the server.
6.2 ROBUST THIN CLIENTS
Robust Thin Clients employs a built in web browser, so that users can run web applications without placing an extra burden on the servers. It is of low price and good functionality. Windows® CE or Windows CE .NET are the OS used.
6.3. FLEXIBLE THIN CLIENTS
Flexible Thin Clients allows internet web browsing plus the ability to run applications locally. Because Flexible thin clients are based on operating systems like Microsoft Windows NT Embedded, XP Embedded and Linux, they can run applications locally, right on the client, instead of on the server. Only selected programs can only be executed at the client.
Mobile Thin Clients are thin clients those having mobile characteristics. They may be a Laptop, Note book PC or a PDA.
7. SPECIAL PURPOSE THIN CLIENTS
7. SPECIAL PURPOSE THIN CLIENTS
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7.1 THIN CLIENT CARDS
With a Thin Client Card an old or a low configuration PC can be converted into Smart, Intelligent and Low Maintenance Thin Clients.
Advantages of conversion to Thin Clients are:
· Run P1 @ Speed of P4
· Run New software on old hardware without hard disk
· Low Maintenance (Save Cost & Time)
· No Upgradation (highly scalable)
· No Antivirus required (Save Cost & Time)
· No UPS required (No shut-down required .After accidental power-cut you get the same screen at restart)
· Save time on software installation
7.2 WIRELESS THIN CLIENTS
Wireless Thin Clients have all the features of normal Thin Clients with wireless connectivity. These devices have support for all applications and devices. It is small enough to be mounted behind an LCD monitor thus reduces desk space.
8. APPLICATIONS OF THIN CLIENTS
7.1 THIN CLIENT CARDS
With a Thin Client Card an old or a low configuration PC can be converted into Smart, Intelligent and Low Maintenance Thin Clients.
Advantages of conversion to Thin Clients are:
· Run P1 @ Speed of P4
· Run New software on old hardware without hard disk
· Low Maintenance (Save Cost & Time)
· No Upgradation (highly scalable)
· No Antivirus required (Save Cost & Time)
· No UPS required (No shut-down required .After accidental power-cut you get the same screen at restart)
· Save time on software installation
7.2 WIRELESS THIN CLIENTS
Wireless Thin Clients have all the features of normal Thin Clients with wireless connectivity. These devices have support for all applications and devices. It is small enough to be mounted behind an LCD monitor thus reduces desk space.
8. APPLICATIONS OF THIN CLIENTS
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Since 2006 there has been a growing interest in using Thin Client technology in hazardous areas, such as oil & gas exploration, military mobile use to monitor gensets and mobile missile installations, and in industry in Zone 1 areas where hardened industrial computers can be
prohibitively expensive. Thin Client hardware is easier to seal against environmental hazards and contamination, and can sometimes withstand a wider temperature and vibration level, due to simplified components and lack of moving parts, such as hard drives. Industrial Thin Clients typically operate on embedded software systems such as Windows CE.net or Windows XP Embedded Ethernet.
8.1 EDUCATIONAL APPLICATIONS
Employing Thin Client computers in Educational Institutions have several advantages. Thin Clients are fast in accessing applications. With no on-board storage, the Thin Clients offer protection from the students accidentally reconfiguring system files or deleting files. The students will find it almost impossible to introduce viruses from external sources! The lack of moving parts gives the Thin Clients added reliability and no audible noises.
8.2 BANKING APPLICATIONS
With a diskless system, there is less risk of data theft or a virus attack. In addition, the lower power consumption of Thin Clients can reduce operating costs and noise levels are kept to a minimum, as there are no moving parts. The details from front end counters will be stored at the server itself which increases the security.
8.3 WIRELESS APPLICATIONS
It is fast, and is very easy to establish in a network. Using wireless connectivity means no delays from removing old wiring or running new cables. Thin Clients are preconfigured and ready to go once connected to the wireless LAN.
8.4 MILITARY APPLICATIONS
In the first quarter of 2007, mandates have been created by the US Armed Forces to look at Thin Client solutions in all field applications. The military is primarily interested in Thin Client technology in the field due to its improved cost control, more robust construction, less vulnerability to failure and security breaches, lesser weight and greater mobility, and lower incidence of OS failures.
Since 2006 there has been a growing interest in using Thin Client technology in hazardous areas, such as oil & gas exploration, military mobile use to monitor gensets and mobile missile installations, and in industry in Zone 1 areas where hardened industrial computers can be
prohibitively expensive. Thin Client hardware is easier to seal against environmental hazards and contamination, and can sometimes withstand a wider temperature and vibration level, due to simplified components and lack of moving parts, such as hard drives. Industrial Thin Clients typically operate on embedded software systems such as Windows CE.net or Windows XP Embedded Ethernet.
8.1 EDUCATIONAL APPLICATIONS
Employing Thin Client computers in Educational Institutions have several advantages. Thin Clients are fast in accessing applications. With no on-board storage, the Thin Clients offer protection from the students accidentally reconfiguring system files or deleting files. The students will find it almost impossible to introduce viruses from external sources! The lack of moving parts gives the Thin Clients added reliability and no audible noises.
8.2 BANKING APPLICATIONS
With a diskless system, there is less risk of data theft or a virus attack. In addition, the lower power consumption of Thin Clients can reduce operating costs and noise levels are kept to a minimum, as there are no moving parts. The details from front end counters will be stored at the server itself which increases the security.
8.3 WIRELESS APPLICATIONS
It is fast, and is very easy to establish in a network. Using wireless connectivity means no delays from removing old wiring or running new cables. Thin Clients are preconfigured and ready to go once connected to the wireless LAN.
8.4 MILITARY APPLICATIONS
In the first quarter of 2007, mandates have been created by the US Armed Forces to look at Thin Client solutions in all field applications. The military is primarily interested in Thin Client technology in the field due to its improved cost control, more robust construction, less vulnerability to failure and security breaches, lesser weight and greater mobility, and lower incidence of OS failures.
9.MYTHS ABOUT THIN CLIENTS
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· They're dumb terminals- Thin clients are not dumb terminals. Some thin clients are smart graphics terminals.
· They'll replace PCs-Thin clients can replace PCs for some purposes, but they'll never replace them for all purposes.
· They're only for surfing the Web- Thin Clients are used for almost all network applications and one such application is surfing the web.
· They take 15 minutes to boot up- It boots faster than a conventional PC
· They're not mobile- Mobile Thin Clients are booming up
· They're dumb terminals- Thin clients are not dumb terminals. Some thin clients are smart graphics terminals.
· They'll replace PCs-Thin clients can replace PCs for some purposes, but they'll never replace them for all purposes.
· They're only for surfing the Web- Thin Clients are used for almost all network applications and one such application is surfing the web.
· They take 15 minutes to boot up- It boots faster than a conventional PC
· They're not mobile- Mobile Thin Clients are booming up
10. CONCLUSION
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Thin Clients has a number of advantages. It has some disadvantages too. One of the disadvantages is that it has low multimedia quality. Another major disadvantage is that it doesn’t support Voice Over IP Telephony. As Thin Clients are not capable to perform all tasks that a PC does, it is sure that Thin Clients don’t replace PCs. From all the above issues it is sure that it is difficult to decide which type of client, the Thick Client or the Thin Client is to be employed in a particular network. Both has its own advantages and disadvantages. Before setting up a network one should study all the factors and requirements of that industry.
On concluding opportunities of Thin Clients in India especially in Kerala looks great. About 50 reputed institutions are now employing Thin Clients for their day to day computing purposes. These institutions include both government firms as well as private firm. It is sure that the number is likely to increase in near future.
Thin Clients has a number of advantages. It has some disadvantages too. One of the disadvantages is that it has low multimedia quality. Another major disadvantage is that it doesn’t support Voice Over IP Telephony. As Thin Clients are not capable to perform all tasks that a PC does, it is sure that Thin Clients don’t replace PCs. From all the above issues it is sure that it is difficult to decide which type of client, the Thick Client or the Thin Client is to be employed in a particular network. Both has its own advantages and disadvantages. Before setting up a network one should study all the factors and requirements of that industry.
On concluding opportunities of Thin Clients in India especially in Kerala looks great. About 50 reputed institutions are now employing Thin Clients for their day to day computing purposes. These institutions include both government firms as well as private firm. It is sure that the number is likely to increase in near future.
11. REFERANCES
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1. http://en.wikipedia.org/
2. http://www.enjayworld.com/
3. http://www.hp.com/
4. http://www.vxl.net/
5. http://www.byte.com/
6. http://www.vecmar.com/
7. Modern Computer Hardware Course
By Manahar Lotia
BPB Publications
8. Computer Networks
By Andrew S. Tanenbaum
Prentice-Hall India
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/
2. http://www.enjayworld.com/
3. http://www.hp.com/
4. http://www.vxl.net/
5. http://www.byte.com/
6. http://www.vecmar.com/
7. Modern Computer Hardware Course
By Manahar Lotia
BPB Publications
8. Computer Networks
By Andrew S. Tanenbaum
Prentice-Hall India
